Fecal microbiota profile of ovariohysterectomized cats submitted to estrogen replacement / Perfil da microbiota fecal de gatas ovariohisterectomizadas submetidas à reposição estrogênica

This study aimed to observe the effects of 17 ß-estradiol replacements on the fecal microbiota in spayed cats. Individual samples of fresh feces were collected and stored at -80° C. Sequencing of the V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio was lower in the group receiving estrogen replacement compared to the SHAM group (P = 0,005). Jaccard index (P = 0.123) and Yue & Clayton index (P = 0.094) did not reveal alpha and beta diversity differences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) identified Firmicutes and MegasPhaera as the biomarkers for the SHAM group, and Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria unclassified and Collinsella for the group receiving estrogen replacement.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar os efeitos da reposição de 17 ß-estradiol na microbiota fecal de gatas castradas. Amostras individuais de fezes frescas foram colhidas e armazenadas a -80°C. Foi realizado o sequenciamento das regiões V3/V4 do gene 16S rRNA e a análise bioinformática. A razão Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes foi menor no grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica em comparação ao grupo SHAM (P = 0,005). O índice de Jaccard (P = 0,123) e o índice de Yue & Clayton (P = 0,094) não revelaram diferenças na alfa e beta diversidade. A análise discriminatória linear de tamanho do efeito (LefSe) identificou Firmicutes e Megasphaera como biomarcadores para o grupo SHAM, e Burkholderiales, Betaproteobacteria, Sutterellaceae, Suterella, Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria não classificada e Collinsella para o grupo que recebeu reposição estrogênica.(AU)

Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cadelas com tumores mamários / Electrocardiography in bitches with mammary tumors

The incidence of cancer has increased due to greater longevity of the animals as a consequence of better control of other diseases, improvement of nutrition and good practices in preventive medicine. Malignant tumors can cause paraneoplastic syndrome such as hypercalcemia, anemia, cachexia, among others and consequent cardiovascular disorders. The electrocardiography (ECG) is a complementary exam that can reveal with its traces these rhythmic disorders. Based on that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ECG in bitches with mammary tumors in order to detect in which type of tumor would be found significant changes as in cardiac rhythm, ECG waves, segments or cardiac axis. Twenty-nine female dogs were used in this study, being 19 bitches with mammary tumor, and they were allocated in three groups: G1: control group (n = 10), G2: benign neoplasia group (n = 6) and G3: malignant neoplasia group (n = 13). The most prevalent type of neoplasia in G2 was the benign mixed tumor (83%), followed by adenoma (17%) whereas in G3: carcinoma in mixed tumor (61%); papillary carcinoma (23%). Regarding cardiac rhythm, it was found sinus arrhythmia (SA) and normal sinus rhythm (NS): G1: 50% SA and 50% NS; G2: 67% SA and 33% NS; G3: 54% SA and 46% NS. No ventricular or atrial arrhythmias were detected. For other parameters in G1, G2 and G3, respectively (mean ± Std error): FC (bpm): 110±9.2, 120 ± 8.5, 124±7,5; P (ms): 48 ± 1.6, 51 ± 1.8, 50 ± 1.2; P (mV) 0.19 ± 0.02, 0.2 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.02; PR (ms): 94 ± 4.3, 93 ± 5.5, 89 ± 3.9; QRS (ms): 56 ± 1.54, 60 ± 4, 62 ± 1.2; R (mV): 1.1 ± 0.06, 1.2 ± 0.24, 0.9 ± 0.13; QT (ms): 203 ± 9.4; 204 ± 7.9; 182 ± 15.6; and cardiac axis (°): 66 ± 6.2, 61 ± 7.9, 70 ± 7.5. There were no significant differences for all cardiac parameters and also for ST interval and T wave morphology. All electrocardiographic parameters found are in accordance with other studies carried out in the canine species. The results regarding tumor types differ from what was found in another study, in which in 18 bitches with mammary tumors, 55% were benign, with prevalence of adenomas (38%) followed by benign mixed tumors, and 45% malignant, with adenocarcinoma prevailing (22%). In another study, it was verified in 63 bitches the predominance of tubular carcinoma (26.56%) and carcinoma in mixed tumors (23.44%). Diverging from the electrocardiographic parameters of this study, a significant difference was found in the R wave amplitude value in the research by Barros et al., (2015) who performed computerized electrocardiography in 50 dogs, not only with mammary neoplasms (55% mammary carcinomas), but also in mastocytomas, lymphomas, benign tumors and other sarcomas. This author found out that the R wave amplitude values of the neoplasia group were lower when compared to the control group. In addition, we suspect that other types of tumors could result in more paraneoplastic syndrome than the mammary neoplasms found in this research. Neoplasms as lymphomas (T cells), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas, multiple myelomas and thymomas are known as a cause of hypercalcemia of malignancy and histiocytic sarcomas, myelomas, leukemia and lymphomas causing anemia. In conclusion, ECG has no changes in benign or malignant mammary tumors in dogs. However, this fact does not exclude the importance of its performance in pre-anesthetic evaluations. Further studies with a larger sample including the clinical staging of these bitches with a balanced number of animals with low and high staging are suggested.(AU)

Cirurgia reconstrutiva com retalho cutâneo de avanço como técnica alternativa para tratamento de carcinoma de células escamosas em cães: relato de caso / Reconstructive surgery with skin flap advance as alternative technique for treating squamous cell carcinoma in dog: case report

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentemente observadas no trato genital de cães. O tratamento de eleição para o CCE é a exérese com ampla margem cirúrgica (1 a 3 cm), porém quando a região prepucial está comprometida, se torna difícil obter margem adequada, tanto pela anatomia da região quanto pelas características agressivas dessa neoplasia. A penectomia com uretrostomia pré-escrotal seria a técnica mais indicada nesses casos, entretanto, complicações pós-cirúrgicas podem reduzir a qualidade e a expectativa de vida do animal. O objetivo deste relato foi demonstrar uma técnica cirúrgica conservativa, com base em plásticas reconstrutivas com retalhos cutâneos, como tratamento para CCE em prepúcio e região inguinal, associada ao uso do piroxicam como terapia adjuvante. O animal não apresentou recidiva do tumor ou complicações secundárias ao tratamento até a última avaliação, um ano após o término do tratamento.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequently neoplasms observed in genital tract in dogs. The treatment of choice for the CCE is the excision with wide surgical margin (1-3 cm), but when the foreskin region is committed becomes difficult to obtain adequate margin, due both the anatomy of the region and the aggressive characteristics of this neoplasm. The penectomy with pre-scrotal urethrostomy would be the most suitable technique in such cases, however, postoperative complications may reduce the quality and expectancy of life. The objective of this report was to present a conservative surgical technique, based on reconstructive plastic with skin flap as a treatment for SCC in prepuce and inguinal region, associated with the use of piroxicam as adjuvant therapy. The dog was evaluated during one year after the end of treatment and haven't showed any tumor recurrence or secondary complications to treatment.

Hemangiopericytoma in a female dog with direct invasion of abdominal cavity and pulmonary metastasis / Hemangiopericitoma em uma cadela com invasão direta da cavidade abdominal e metástase pulmonar

An intact adult female Poodle dog was presented with a history of an increase in volume in the left and right mammary inguinal glands. The histopathological examination revealed a proliferation of spindle cells arranged in bundles with concentric arrangements surrounding blood vessels, occasionally collapsed. Three weeks after the surgery, the animal presented a recurrence of the tumor that extended from the left inguinal mammary gland to the vulva. Necropsy revealed direct invasion of the abdominal cavity by the tumor and pulmonary metastasis. The definitive diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma was made by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Pulmonary metastasis of CHP (canine hemangiopericytoma) is rare and there is no previous report of direct invasion to the abdominal cavity as observed in the present case.

Uma cadela adulta, intacta, da raça Poodle, apresentou histórico de aumento de volume na mama inguinal direita. O exame histopatológico revelou proliferação de células fusiformes dispostas em bandas e arranjos concêntricos ao redor de vasos, os quais se apresentavam ocasionalmente colapsados. Três semanas após a cirurgia, o animal apresentou recorrência do tumor que se estendia até a vulva. No exame necroscópico, observou-se que a massa invadia a cavidade abdominal e presença de metástase no pulmão. O diagnóstico definitivo de hemangiopericitoma foi realizado por meio dos exames histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico. A metástase pulmonar do hemangiopericitoma canino é rara e não há relatos prévios de invasão direta para cavidade abdominal, como observado no presente caso.